Typically, unconventional resources are difficult-to-extract, expensive to refine, and have more impact on the environment. Sustained high oil and gas prices until mid-2008 led to the development of these resources as governments across the world were concerned about dwindling energy supplies amid rising demand. Technological advancements further aided their development. Volatility in commodity prices adds to the uncertainty in unconventionals development. Rise in environmental concerns over extraction and development of unconventional resources may likely slow down the growth of the industry.
This report analyzes the growth of the unconventional oil and gas resources worldwide, discusses the drivers and resistors of the industry, and includes production forecasts for key regions. The report documents statistical data on reserves, production including projections until 2030 for primary markets.
Key features of this report
• Overview of the global unconventional oil and gas market with focus on key regions such as North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.
• Growth of various unconventional resources – reserve estimates, current production, and outlook.
• Information and analysis by resource – oil sands, heavy oil, shale gas, oil shale, and CBM.
• Reserves, production, potential, drivers, resistors, key players, and outlook for various unconventional resources in different regions of the world.
• Production forecasts for established markets and insights on emerging markets in the unconventional oil and gas market.
Scope of this report
• Achieve a quick and comprehensive understanding of the global unconventional oil and gas industry.
• Assess the emerging trends in each of the unconventional resources – oil sands, shale gas, oil shale, and CBM.
• Quantify reserves and production in key markets such as the US, Canada, Australia, and China.
• Understand the major issues surrounding the development of unconventional resources in important regions of the world.
• Predict and identify growth potential by resource globally.
Key Market Issues
• Energy security: Concerns over energy security forced countries such as the US to invent new technologies to tap resources that were previously inaccessible.
• Technological developments: Technological developments in bitumen upgradation, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing enabled the exploitation of unconventional resources. Continued technological advancements are helping to reduce the carbon footprint and overall environmental impact while increasing the efficiency of exploration and development operations.
• High cost of extraction and development: Unconventional oil and gas resources need high commodity prices to be economically viable due to relatively high cost of extraction and development. Volatility in commodity prices adds to the uncertainty in unconventionals development.
• Global natural gas glut: An unexpected rise in natural gas production and reserves in the US led to a global supply glut, which could threaten the development of unconventionals in Asia and Europe.
• Impact on environment: Development of unconventional resources is increasingly clouded by environmental concerns, which could hamper the growth of the industry.
Key findings from this report
• The world’s largest oil sands deposits exist in Canada with as much as 173bn barrels of proved reserves, making the country the second largest holder of oil reserves after Saudi Arabia.
• In 2009, 1.4m barrels of oil per day were estimated to be produced from Canadian oil sands projects, which grew at a CAGR of 8.9% from 1.0m barrels of oil per day in 2005.
• According to the US EIA, the shale gas proved reserves in the US totaled 32,825 bcf by end of 2008. Industry estimates put US natural gas reserves to last for 100 years at 2008 production rates.
• Shale gas production in the US grew at a CAGR of 21.2% to reach 1.49 tcf in 2008 from 0.69 tcf in 2004. Its share in total US natural gas production increased from 3.7% in 2004 to 7.3% in 2008. By 2035 shale gas is anticipated to supply 25.8% of the consumption needs of the US.
• According to Royal Dutch Shell, Europe’s unconventional gas reserves may total 1,200 tcf, approximately five times the proven conventional gas reserves.
Key questions answered
• What are the primary unconventional oil and gas resources in the world today at present?
• What are the technologies used in exploring and developing unconventional resources such as oil sands and shale gas?
• What are the key drivers of unconventionals in general and key drivers in specific regions?
• What are the key resistors of unconventionals in general and key resistors in specific regions?
• What is the status of development of unconventionals across continents – North America, South America, Europe, Africa and Asia-Pacific?
• Which unconventional resources are set to grow strongly and where?
(rlk1-2011-03-01) plp
Table of Contents
The Unconventional Oil and Gas Market Outlook
Executive summary 10
Market development 10
North America 10
Europe 12
Asia Pacific 12
Other regions 13
Future outlook 14
Chapter 1 Market development 18
Summary 18
The unconventional oil and gas resources 19
Oil sands 19
Shale gas 21
Oil shale 23
Coalbed methane 24
Drivers of unconventional oil and gas resources 26
Energy security 26
Technological developments 26
High conventional oil and gas prices 26
Resistors of unconventional oil and gas resources 27
High cost of extraction and development 27
Global natural gas supply surplus 27
Impact on environment 27
Chapter 2 North America 30
Summary 30
Introduction 31
Key unconventional resources 31
Oil sands 31
North America oil sands production 32
Shale gas 34
North American shale gas production 35
Coalbed methane 37
North America coal-bed methane production 37
Oil shale 38
Drivers 39
New pipelines to drive demand for oil-sands derived crude 39
Advances in drilling technologies make shale gas production viable 41
Resistors 42
Environmental concerns impact on oil sands projects 42
Environmental regulations could limit growth of shale gas 43
Key players 44
Oil sands 44
Shale gas 44
Chapter 3 Europe 46
Summary 46
Introduction 47
Key unconventional resources 47
Oil sands 47
Shale gas 47
Drivers 48
Prospects for shale gas increased with technological developments 48
Resistors 50
Unfavorable geology and infrastructure shortages 50
Competition from conventional gas 51
Environmental concerns 52
Key players 53
Chapter 4 Asia Pacific 56
Summary 56
Introduction 57
Key unconventional resources 57
Coalbed methane 57
China 58
Indonesia 58
Australia 59
Shale gas 60
Drivers 61
Government drive to develop CBM in China and Indonesia 61
Technology and increasing natural gas demand drive CBM in Australia 62
Resistors 64
Lack of technical expertise slow development of unconventionals in Asia 64
LNG flows at competitive prices dampen unconventional gas in Asia 65
Key players 65
Chapter 5 Other regions 68
Summary 68
Introduction 69
South America 69
Oil sands/ Heavy oil 69
Shale gas 70
Africa 70
Oil sands 70
Coalbed methane 71
The Middle East 71
Oil Shale 71
Drivers 72
Declining production from conventional energy resources 72
High dependence on energy imports 75
Resistors 76
Political instability and regulations 76
Environmental concerns surround oil sands development in Congo 76
Key players 77
Chapter 6 Future outlook 80
Summary 80
Introduction 81
Key unconventional resources 81
Oil sands 81
Shale gas 83
Oil shale 85
Coalbed methane 88
Glossary 90
Index 92
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Geographic concentration of oil sands deposits, 2010 20
Figure 1.2: Geographic concentration of shale gas deposits, 2010 22
Figure 1.3: Geographic concentration of oil shale deposits, 2010 24
Figure 1.4: Geographic concentration of Coalbed methane deposits, 2010 25
Figure 2.5: Canada oil sands regions 32
Figure 2.6: Crude oil production from Canadian oil sands ('000 bbl/d), 2005-09 33
Figure 2.7: US shale gas basins 35
Figure 2.8: US Shale gas production (tcf), 2004-08 36
Figure 2.9: US coalbed methane fields 37
Figure 2.10: US CBM production (tcf), 2004-08 38
Figure 2.11: US oil shale basins 39
Figure 2.12: North America proposed crude oil and natural gas pipeline expansions, 2008 41
Figure 2.13: Canada's GHG emissions (kilo tons of CO2 equivalent), 2003-07 43
Figure 3.14: Proposed natural gas pipelines to Europe 52
Figure 4.15: Location of Australia's CBM reserves and gas infrastructure, 2010 59
Figure 5.16: Venezuela crude oil production and exports ('000 bbl/d), 1990-2008 74
Figure 5.17: Argentina natural gas production and consumption (bcf/d), 2004-08 75
Figure 6.18: Crude oil production from Canadian oil sands forecast ('000 bbl/d), 2009-25 82
Figure 6.19: Crude oil production from China oil sands forecast ('000 bbl/d), 2015-30 83
Figure 6.20: US Shale gas production forecast (tcf), 2009-35 84
Figure 6.21: US Shale gas production forecast (tcf), 2009-35 85
Figure 6.22: Crude oil production from US oil shales forecast ('000 bbl/d), 2010-30 86
Figure 6.23: Crude oil production from China oil shales forecast ('000 bbl/d), 2010-30 87
Figure 6.24: US CBM production forecast (tcf), 2010-30 88
Figure 6.25: China CBM production forecast (bcm), 2010-30 89
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Crude oil production from Canadian oil sands ('000 bbl/d), 2005-09 32
Table 2.2: US shale gas production (tcf), 2004-08 36
Table 2.3: US CBM production (tcf), 2004-08 38
Table 2.4: US market demand for western Canadian crude oil, actual and estimated ('000 bbl/d), (2008-15) 40
Table 2.5: Canada's GHG emissions (kilo tons of CO2 equivalent), 2003-07 43
Table 3.6: Major companies with Shale gas exploration acreage in Europe, 2010 49
Table 3.7: Select US shale gas stake acquisitions 50
Table 4.8: Major CBM-to-LNG projects in Australia, 2010 64
Table 5.9: Venezuela crude oil production, consumption, and exports ('000 bbl/d), 1990-2008 73
Table 5.10: Argentina natural gas production and consumption (bcf/d), 2004-08 75
Table 6.11: Crude oil production from Canadian oil sands forecast ('000 bbl/d), 2009-25 82
Table 6.12: Crude oil production from China oil sands forecast ('000 bbl/d), 2015-30 83
Table 6.13: US shale gas production forecast (tcf), 2009-35 84
Table 6.14: US natural gas supply by source forecast (tcf), 2009-35 85
Table 6.15: Crude oil production from US oil shales forecast ('000 bbl/d), 2010-30 86
Table 6.16: Crude oil production from China oil shales forecast ('000 bbl/d), 2010-30 87
Table 6.17: US CBM production forecast (tcf), 2010-30 88
Table 6.18: China CBM production forecast (bcm), 2010-30 89
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